American Realities with Bill Youngs
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        • The Native Americans
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          • Two Soldiers
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        • The “Taming” of the West
        • Beyond Emancipation
        • The New Industrial Era
        • The Birth of Environmentalism
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        • World War I
        • Modernity versus Tradition
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        • Turmoil on the Campuses
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      • Additional Essays >
        • Norsemen in the New World
    • The Fair and the Falls >
      • Part I: Possessing the Falls >
        • Chapter One: James Glover: Purchasing the Falls
        • Chapter Two: Waiting for the Indians
        • Chapter Three: Harnessing the Falls
        • Chapter Four: "The World's Fair of the Northwest"
        • Chapter Five: The City Beside the Falls
      • Part II: Rediscovering the Falls >
        • Chapter Six: The Twilight of Old Spokane
        • Chapter Seven: Urban Blight and Urban Renewal
        • Chapter Eight: King Cole and The Heart of a City
        • Chapter Nine: Visualizing a World's Fair
      • Part III Redesigning the Falls >
        • Chapter Ten: From Spokane to Paris >
          • Tom Foley's Turn
        • Chapter Eleven: Wooing the Foreign Exhibitors
        • Chapter Twelve: Wooing the Domestic Exhibitors
        • Chapter Thirteen: The Environmental Debate
        • Chapter Fourteen: Building the Fair
        • Chapter Fifteen: Marketing, Money, and Management
      • Part IV: The Fair by the Falls >
        • Chapter Sixteen: Opening Day
        • Chapter Seventeen: A Mingling of Peoples
        • Chapter Eighteen: Days at the Fair
        • Chapter Nineteen: The Press of New Ideas
        • Chapter Twenty: The Final Tally
      • Part V: An American Environment >
        • Chapter Twenty-One: Spokane Falls, An American Environment
      • The Fair and the Falls Map
  J. William T. "Bill" Youngs, American Realities, Volume Two: 
Historical Episodes from Reconstruction to the Present, Chapter Thirteen

                                             "Free Speech Protest" courtesy of the Wikipedia Commons

13. Turmoil on the Campuses
       Berkeley in the Sixties

Picture

Summary

Arguably the most tumultuous time in the history of American higher education began with the free speech movement at Berkeley in 1964. The free speech movement merged with a cultural revolution and an antiwar movement that ultimately spread across the United States.

Author reads from the Text

During the sixties the student movement at Berkeley became increasingly an expression of counterculture values. Jack Weinberg, who had spent thirty-two hours in the back seat of the police cruiser in Sproul Hall Plaza, coined a popular slogan for the movement: “Don’t trust anyone over thirty.” Counterculture leaders Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin appeared often in Berkeley. The student leaders who demanded and won the right to free speech on campus went to the microphones again and again, challenging American values and campus rules. The first major issue following the FSM fall was an abortive “filthy speech movement” in early 1965, where students tested their freedom by featuring four-letter words in their speeches and on placards in Sproul Hall Plaza. That movement died of its own silliness: most students who cared about the speech issue thought it was being trivialized. But many other issues won broad support.

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Chapter 12: The Civil Rights Movement
Chapter 14: The New Computer Age