The Texas Revolution: Lorenzo de Zavala and Sam Houston
Overview: "The American frontier, with its promise of inexpensive land and the opportunity to get ahead, attracted thousands of settlers during the early nineteenth century. Although initially a Mexican state, Texas became a destination for many of these American settlers, including Sam Houston. In 1835 Texans would revolt against Mexican rule and establish a separate country, modeled on the United States. The revolt was in some respects a movement of Americans intent on wresting Texas from Mexico and turning it over to the United States. But the Texas Revolution also had roots deep in Mexican history, and one of its leaders, Lorenzo de Zavala had been one of the foremost reformers in Mexico itself during that country’s early years of independence. The careers of Lorenzo de Zavala and Sam Houston epitomize the blending of American and Mexican sources in the history of revolutionary Texas."
Outline
1. Introduction: The Texas Revolution: Alamo, General Santa Anna, Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas Revolution, Lorenzo de Zavala, Merida, Yucatan Peninsula, Sam Houston, frontier Tennessee, in different worlds, their similarities.
2. Lorenzo de Zavala: Early Life: Mayan culture, Mayan culture, cathedral, October-3-1788, a colony of Spain, Teresa Josefa Correa, Maria Manuela, Manuel Lorenzo Jr., Father Miguel Hidalgo, Dolores, thousands of peasants, Rousseau, Voltaire, Locke, Sanjuanistas, printing press, reform publication, Zavala arrested, San Juan Ulua, Freemasonry, Mexican Independence, Cortes, provisional congress, Agustin de Iturbide, Emperor of Mexico, denouncing Iturbide, a succession of revolutions, new constitution, centralist, three-branch government, elected governor, federalist, reformer, Vicente Guerrero's presidency, secretary of the treasury, troubles with Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, flight to the United States, Journey to the United States of North America, Alexis de Tocqueville's Democracy in America, the American experiment, New Orleans, a "Tower of Babel," racial-discrimination, American slavery, one thousand slaves, "cries and laments," the Louisiana.
3. Sam Houston: Early Life: Virginia, 1793, Tennessee, simply disappear, living with the Cherokees, Iliad, ancient Greece, Cherokee village life, "measuring dear tracks," "the wild liberty of the Red men," Oo-loo-te-ka, "Colonneh," "The Raven," "pretty strange business," governor of two states, " a principle enduring as life itself," " Indian Professor," "a higher feeling of dignity," "The Volunteer State," six feet two inches, rose in the ranks, "the door of my cottage is open to brave men," Creek Indians, Fort Mims- Alabama, Creek War, British allies, Horseshoe Bend, Andrew Jackson, a barbed arrow, wounded again, friendship of Andrew Jackson, left to die, "the darkest night...," representing the Cherokees, John C. Calhoun, Cherokee clothing, law, congress, governor, canal-building, cheap land, education, disaster struck, Eliza Allen, resigned the governorship, steamer bound for Arkansas, his Cherokee family.
4. Zavala's Travels and Politics: How Americans lived and worked, numerous rafts, democratic style, Andrew Jackson, "there was none of that,""modestly furnished" house, "the people's cause," New York City, Louis Philippe, "Citizen King," huge parade, treatment of African Americans, wealthy Haitian, "This situation is not very natural," impressed with democracy in America, European immigrants, they become proprietors, lessons for Mexico, "bloody despotic systems," "disastrous cataclysms," "the dignity of work and the rights of citizenship," brief return to Mexico, turbulent term as governor of Mexico, land reforms, minister to France, "General," Santa Anna, abolished recent reforms, letter to Santa Anna, "the monarchial form," prison or death, Coahuila-Texas, Zavala could help create a community, Buffalo Bayou, "he could hardly have imagine..."
5. Houston's Travels and Politics: Living with the Cherokee, corrupt Indian agents, Cherokee citizen, articles in the Arkansas Gazette, history of white oppression of the Indians, "every inch a king," " a succession of injuries," "Big Drunk," William Stanbery, hickory cane, two pistols and a knife, the first blow, arrest and trail, House was packed, rose bouquet, discourse on the history of liberty and tyranny, "brightest jewel that heaven ever made," civil complaint, misconduct in Indian affairs, "dying out," Galveston Bay and Texas Land Company, Comanche, crossing into Texas.
6. Settling Texas: A part of Mexico, San Antonio de Bexar, five missions, Franciscan friars, San Antonio de Valero, mission grounds, a military garrison, small Mexican population, Mexico encouraging immigration, Moses Austin, Stephen Austin, an ideal leader, meets Lorenzo de Zavala, several colonies, empresarios, "Texas fever," 15 percent, obligation to become Mexican citizens, friend of Mexico in San Antonio, learn Spanish.
7. The Texas Revolution: Frictions, only Catholics can worship freely, abolished slavery, immigration policy, tariffs, remote government, San Felipe Convention (1832), reduce tariffs, fund primary schools, separate state of Texas, San Felipe again in 1833, Zavala and Houston, "abiding place," Stephen Austin in jail, Santa Anna, political survivor, curtailed state legislature, dissolved the Mexican national congress, "unenlightened," incapable of self government, Zacatecas, Gonzales, cannon, "come and take it,""the shot heard around Texas," resistance to tyranny, "general consultation," "patriotic and virtuous citizens," Consultation, declaration, brief interlude of domestic life, Sam Houston, Nacogdoches, an attorney, Anglo Mexicans, Santa Anna's brag, resistance in his name of the Mexican Constitution of 1824, new convention, Sam Houston the commander of a Texas army, another convention, Washington-the-Brazos, rude homes and shops, room in tavern, Anglo Texans, Jose Antonio Navarro, Francisco Ruiz, Texas Declaration of Independence, victims of despotism, "lives liberty and property," "Mexican Brethren," "a candid world," drafting a constitution, Zavala's assignments, William Travis, outnumbered, "a line in the sand," Fall of the Alamo, James Bowie, Davy Crockett, no cannon fire, suspected the worse, danger to the delegates, David Burnet as president, Lorenzo de Zavala as vice president, "gird up the loins of our minds," scattered for their homes, Goliad-Texas, James Fannin, "Home Sweet Home," Goliad Massacre, "kill everything," Runaway Scrape, Noah Smithwick, "forlorn dogs," "Is it better...," this remarkable man, in Harrisburg, Galveston Island, Sam Houston's retreat, "cool deliberate vengeance, "Lorenzo de Zavala Jr., translator, the Zavala house, a hospital, camped near each other, coil of rope, Santa Anna's force, Tejanos, recuerdo el Alamo, mid-afternoon, "Remember the Alamo," Battle of San Jacinto, shattered ankle, Capture of Santa Anna, recognition of independence, malaria, Mirabeau, "the unwavering and consistent friend of liberal principles," rowing on Buffalo Bayou, pneumonia, The Telegraph and Texas Register, "one of her most valued citizens, Texas navy, "the Mexican Benedict Arnold," memorials to Zavala, pneumonia, hero of San Jacinto, president of the republic, annexation, continued to support the Indians, supported the Union, watched the Civil War, memorial to Houston, a common ground in the Texas Revolution.
Outline
1. Introduction: The Texas Revolution: Alamo, General Santa Anna, Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas Revolution, Lorenzo de Zavala, Merida, Yucatan Peninsula, Sam Houston, frontier Tennessee, in different worlds, their similarities.
2. Lorenzo de Zavala: Early Life: Mayan culture, Mayan culture, cathedral, October-3-1788, a colony of Spain, Teresa Josefa Correa, Maria Manuela, Manuel Lorenzo Jr., Father Miguel Hidalgo, Dolores, thousands of peasants, Rousseau, Voltaire, Locke, Sanjuanistas, printing press, reform publication, Zavala arrested, San Juan Ulua, Freemasonry, Mexican Independence, Cortes, provisional congress, Agustin de Iturbide, Emperor of Mexico, denouncing Iturbide, a succession of revolutions, new constitution, centralist, three-branch government, elected governor, federalist, reformer, Vicente Guerrero's presidency, secretary of the treasury, troubles with Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, flight to the United States, Journey to the United States of North America, Alexis de Tocqueville's Democracy in America, the American experiment, New Orleans, a "Tower of Babel," racial-discrimination, American slavery, one thousand slaves, "cries and laments," the Louisiana.
3. Sam Houston: Early Life: Virginia, 1793, Tennessee, simply disappear, living with the Cherokees, Iliad, ancient Greece, Cherokee village life, "measuring dear tracks," "the wild liberty of the Red men," Oo-loo-te-ka, "Colonneh," "The Raven," "pretty strange business," governor of two states, " a principle enduring as life itself," " Indian Professor," "a higher feeling of dignity," "The Volunteer State," six feet two inches, rose in the ranks, "the door of my cottage is open to brave men," Creek Indians, Fort Mims- Alabama, Creek War, British allies, Horseshoe Bend, Andrew Jackson, a barbed arrow, wounded again, friendship of Andrew Jackson, left to die, "the darkest night...," representing the Cherokees, John C. Calhoun, Cherokee clothing, law, congress, governor, canal-building, cheap land, education, disaster struck, Eliza Allen, resigned the governorship, steamer bound for Arkansas, his Cherokee family.
4. Zavala's Travels and Politics: How Americans lived and worked, numerous rafts, democratic style, Andrew Jackson, "there was none of that,""modestly furnished" house, "the people's cause," New York City, Louis Philippe, "Citizen King," huge parade, treatment of African Americans, wealthy Haitian, "This situation is not very natural," impressed with democracy in America, European immigrants, they become proprietors, lessons for Mexico, "bloody despotic systems," "disastrous cataclysms," "the dignity of work and the rights of citizenship," brief return to Mexico, turbulent term as governor of Mexico, land reforms, minister to France, "General," Santa Anna, abolished recent reforms, letter to Santa Anna, "the monarchial form," prison or death, Coahuila-Texas, Zavala could help create a community, Buffalo Bayou, "he could hardly have imagine..."
5. Houston's Travels and Politics: Living with the Cherokee, corrupt Indian agents, Cherokee citizen, articles in the Arkansas Gazette, history of white oppression of the Indians, "every inch a king," " a succession of injuries," "Big Drunk," William Stanbery, hickory cane, two pistols and a knife, the first blow, arrest and trail, House was packed, rose bouquet, discourse on the history of liberty and tyranny, "brightest jewel that heaven ever made," civil complaint, misconduct in Indian affairs, "dying out," Galveston Bay and Texas Land Company, Comanche, crossing into Texas.
6. Settling Texas: A part of Mexico, San Antonio de Bexar, five missions, Franciscan friars, San Antonio de Valero, mission grounds, a military garrison, small Mexican population, Mexico encouraging immigration, Moses Austin, Stephen Austin, an ideal leader, meets Lorenzo de Zavala, several colonies, empresarios, "Texas fever," 15 percent, obligation to become Mexican citizens, friend of Mexico in San Antonio, learn Spanish.
7. The Texas Revolution: Frictions, only Catholics can worship freely, abolished slavery, immigration policy, tariffs, remote government, San Felipe Convention (1832), reduce tariffs, fund primary schools, separate state of Texas, San Felipe again in 1833, Zavala and Houston, "abiding place," Stephen Austin in jail, Santa Anna, political survivor, curtailed state legislature, dissolved the Mexican national congress, "unenlightened," incapable of self government, Zacatecas, Gonzales, cannon, "come and take it,""the shot heard around Texas," resistance to tyranny, "general consultation," "patriotic and virtuous citizens," Consultation, declaration, brief interlude of domestic life, Sam Houston, Nacogdoches, an attorney, Anglo Mexicans, Santa Anna's brag, resistance in his name of the Mexican Constitution of 1824, new convention, Sam Houston the commander of a Texas army, another convention, Washington-the-Brazos, rude homes and shops, room in tavern, Anglo Texans, Jose Antonio Navarro, Francisco Ruiz, Texas Declaration of Independence, victims of despotism, "lives liberty and property," "Mexican Brethren," "a candid world," drafting a constitution, Zavala's assignments, William Travis, outnumbered, "a line in the sand," Fall of the Alamo, James Bowie, Davy Crockett, no cannon fire, suspected the worse, danger to the delegates, David Burnet as president, Lorenzo de Zavala as vice president, "gird up the loins of our minds," scattered for their homes, Goliad-Texas, James Fannin, "Home Sweet Home," Goliad Massacre, "kill everything," Runaway Scrape, Noah Smithwick, "forlorn dogs," "Is it better...," this remarkable man, in Harrisburg, Galveston Island, Sam Houston's retreat, "cool deliberate vengeance, "Lorenzo de Zavala Jr., translator, the Zavala house, a hospital, camped near each other, coil of rope, Santa Anna's force, Tejanos, recuerdo el Alamo, mid-afternoon, "Remember the Alamo," Battle of San Jacinto, shattered ankle, Capture of Santa Anna, recognition of independence, malaria, Mirabeau, "the unwavering and consistent friend of liberal principles," rowing on Buffalo Bayou, pneumonia, The Telegraph and Texas Register, "one of her most valued citizens, Texas navy, "the Mexican Benedict Arnold," memorials to Zavala, pneumonia, hero of San Jacinto, president of the republic, annexation, continued to support the Indians, supported the Union, watched the Civil War, memorial to Houston, a common ground in the Texas Revolution.
